Resources for Less Prominent Women of the Apocrypha

Agia 1 Esdras 5:38

• “Agia” by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "1 Esdras" by Eileen M. Schuller in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• I and II Esdras by Jacob M. Myers (1974)

Apame 1 Esdras 4:29-31

• “Apame (concubine)” on Wikipedia (2022)

Young Women (and Young Men); Brides (and Bridegrooms) 1 Macc 1:26-27

• "Young Women (and Young Men); Brides (and Bridegrooms)" (pp. 384-385) by Ronald S. Kline in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "1 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Maccabees" by Chris Seeman

• "The First Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

Women/Wives Persecuted by Antiochus IV 1 Macc 1:32; 2:30, 38; 5:13

• "Women/Wives Persecuted by Antiochus IV" (p.385) by Ronald S. Kline in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "1 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Maccabees" by Chris Seeman

• "Antiochus Epiphanes—The Bible’s Most Notoriously Forgotten Villain" by John Drummond

• "The First Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

Women/Mothers With Circumcised Sons 1 Macc 1:60-61

• "Women/Mothers With Circumcised Sons" (p.385) by Ronald S. Kline in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "1 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Antiochus Epiphanes—The Bible’s Most Notoriously Forgotten Villain" by John Drummond

• "Maccabees" by Chris Seeman

• "Circumcision" by Hannah K. Harrington

• "The First Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

Women/Wives Defended by Judas and Simon 1 Macc 3:20; 5:23, 45; 13:6, 45

• "Women/Wives Defended by Judas and Simon" (p.386) by Ronald S. Kline in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "1 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Maccabees" by Chris Seeman

• "Antiochus Epiphanes—The Bible’s Most Notoriously Forgotten Villain" by John Drummond

• "The First Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

• "Judas Maccabeus" in Encyclopaedia Britannica

• "Who Were the Maccabees and What Did They Do?" by Megan Sauter

Greek Brides and Wives 1 Macc 8:10; 9:37-42

• "Greek Brides and Wives" (p.387) by Ronald S. Kline in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "1 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Maccabees" by Chris Seeman

• "The First Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

Cleopatra Thea 1 Macc 10:54, 57-58; 11:9-12

• Cleopatras by J.E.G. Whitehorn (1994)

• “Cleopatra Thea” on Wikipedia (January 12, 2023)

• “The Other Cleopatra” by George Taylor in Saudi Aramco World (March/April 1978)

Mother (and Father) of Simon 1 Macc 13:28

• "Mother (and Father) of Simon" (p.387) by Ronald S. Kline in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Maccabees" by Chris Seeman

• "1 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "The First Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

• "Who Were the Maccabees and What Did They Do?" by Megan Sauter

Widows 2 Macc 3:10; 8:28, 30

• "Widows" (p.388) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "2 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "The Second Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

Women Supplicants 2 Macc 3:19-20

• "Women Supplicants" (p.388-389) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "2 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "The Second Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

Antiochis 2 Macc 4:30

• “Antiochis” by James Orr in International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915)

Women/Wives as Victims of War 2 Macc 5:13, 24; 12:3-4, 21

• "Women/Wives as Victims of War" (p.389) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "2 Maccabees" by Robin Darling Young in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "The Second Book of Maccabees" by Robert Doran in The New Interpreter's Bible, vol. 4 (1996)

Arsinoë 3 Macc 1:1, 4

• “Arsinoë II: Queenmaker of Ptolemaic Egypt” podcast episode on The Exploress (July 11, 2020)

• “Arsinoë II: queen of Thrace and Egypt” by Richard Pallardy in Encyclopedia Britannica (2014)

• “Arsinoe II Philadelphus” by Branko van Oppen in World History Encyclopedia (February 3, 2020)

• “Arsinoe II” in The Medusa Archive (2018)

Widows Tob 1:8

• "Widows" (p.358) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Tobit" by Eileen M. Schuller in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Tobit by Carey A. Moore (1996)

• "Widows in the Bible" by Robin Gallaher Branch

• "You Shall Not Ill-Treat Any Widow or Orphan: A Moral Value Made Law" by Prof. Rabbi Marty Lockshin

Deborah (Grandmother of Tobit) Tob 1:8

• “Deborah” on Bible Odyssey (2022)

• “Biblical People: Deborah (3)” by Peter DeHaan on A Bible a Day

• “A Jewish Woman’s Influence on her Son should not be Underestimated” by Amy Jill-Levine in L’Osservatore Romano (December 3, 2022)

• “Book of Tobit” on Wordtrade.com Bible (2012)

• “Raphael and the Virgin Bride” Sermon by Wil Gafney (September 29, 2021)

Kinship Wife Tob 1:9; 4:12-13; 6:11-13, 16; 7:10; 8:21

• "Kinship Wife" (p.358) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Tobit" by Eileen M. Schuller in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Marriage (OT and ANE)" by Victor P. Hamilton in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 4 (1992)

Female (and Male) Servants Tob 3:7-9; 8:12-14; 10:10

• "Female (and Male) Servants" (p.359) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Tobit" by Eileen M. Schuller in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Wives Tob 3:8

• "Enemy of Sarah" (p.359-360) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Tobit" by Eileen M. Schuller in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Tobit by Carey A. Moore (1996)

• "Asmodeus" by The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica

Daughter (and Son) Tob 3:9

• "Daughter (and Son)" (p.360) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Tobit" by Eileen M. Schuller in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Tobit by Carey A. Moore (1996)

Foreign Wife Tob 4:12

• "Foreign Wife" (p.360) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Marriage (OT and ANE)" by Victor P. Hamilton in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 4 (1992)

• Tobit by Carey A. Moore (1996)

Edna Tob 7:2-8, 13, 15-16; 8:11-12, 19, 21; 10:12-13; 14:13

• “Edna: Apocrypha” by Beverly Bow on Jewish Women’s Archive (1999)

• “Raphael and the Virgin Bride” Sermon by Wil Gafney (September 29, 2021)

Eve Tob 8:6; Sir 25:24; 40:1; 42:13; 4 Macc 18:7

• "Eve: Apocrypha" by Alice Ogden Bellis

Women/Wives of Israel Jdt 4:10-12; 13:18; 15:12-13

• "Women/Wives of Israel" (pp.360-361) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

• "Women (OT)" by Phyllis A. Bird in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 6 (1992)

Women/Wives of Bethulia Jdt 6:16; 7:22-23, 32

• "Women/Wives of Israel" (pp.360-361) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

Sisters (and Brothers) Jdt 7:30

• "Sisters (and Brothers)" (pp.361-362) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Women (and Men) Slaves Jdt 8:7

• "Women (and Men) Slaves" (p.362) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

• "Slavery in the Hebrew Bible" by Zev Farber

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Maid of Judith Jdt 8:10, 33; 10:2, 5, 10, 17; 12:15, 19; 13:3, 9; 16:23

• "Maid of Judith" (pp.362-363) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Judith: Apocrypha" by Toni Craven

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Virgin Defiled Jdt 9:2

• "Virgin Defiled" (p.362-363) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Dinah" by Alison L. Joseph

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

• "Rape in the Hebrew Bible" by Frank M. Yamada

Wives/Daughters of Sechem Jdt 9:4

• "Wives/Daughters of Shechem" (p.363) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Dinah: Bible" by Rachel Adelman

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

• "Shechem" by HarperCollins Bible Dictionary

Assyrian Women Jdt 12:13

• "Assyrian Women" (pp.363-364) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

Virgins as Spoil Jdt 16:4

• "Virgins as Spoil" (p.364) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Judith" by Denise Dombkowski Hopkins in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

Slave Girls Jdt 16:12

• "Slave Girls" (p.364) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• Judith: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary by Carey A. Moore (1985)

Women at Vashti's Banquet Esth 1:9

• "Women at Vashti's Party" (p.364-365) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Greek Book of Esther" by Adele Reinhartz in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Vashti: Bible" by Sidnie White Crawford, updated by Joshua Aaron Alfaro

Noble Ladies of Persia and Media Esth 1:18-20

• "Wives of Persian and Median Governors" (p.365) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Greek Book of Esther" by Adele Reinhartz in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Young Virgins/Women Esth 2:2-3, 8, 12-14, 17

• "Young Virgins/Girls" (p.365) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "But Queen Vashti Refused: Consent and Agency in the Book of Esther" by Dr. Jason Gaines

• "Sex and Sexuality" by Tikva Frymer-Kensky in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (1992)

Women of the Harem Esth 2:3, 8, 13-14

• "Girls/Women of the Harem" (pp.365-366) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sex and Sexuality" by Tikva Frymer-Kensky in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (1992)

• "But Queen Vashti Refused: Consent and Agency in the Book of Esther" by Dr. Jason Gaines

Mother of Esther Esth 2:7

• "Mother of Esther" (p.366) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Esther" by Martien A. Halvorson-Taylor

Maids of Esther Esth 2:9; 4:4; 15:2-4, 7

• "Maids of Esther" (p.366) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Esther" by Martien A. Halvorson-Taylor

Woman (or Man) Going Unbidden to the King Esth 4:11

• "Woman (or Man) Who Goes Unbidden to the King" (p.367) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Esther" by Martien A. Halvorson-Taylor

• "But Queen Vashti Refused: Consent and Agency in the Book of Esther" by Dr. Jason Gaines

Zosara Esth 5:10, 14; 6:13

• “Zosara” by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, The Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament by Carol Meyers (2001)

Female (and Male) Slaves Esth 7:4

• "Female (and Male) Slaves" (p.367) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Slavery in the Hebrew Bible" by Zev Farber

Cleopatra II Esth 11:1 (Addition F)

• “Cleopatra II” in The Medusa Archive (2018)

• “Cleopatra II” on Wikipedia (October 11, 2022)

• “Cleopatra” from Encyclopaedia Judaica on Jewish Virtual Library (2008)

• Cleopatras by J.E.G. Whitehorn (1994)

Wives Esth 13:6 (Addition B)

• "Wives" (p.367) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Greek Book of Esther" by Adele Reinhartz in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Daniel, Esther, and Jeremiah: The Additions by Carey A. Moore (1977)

Widow Wis 2:10

• "Widow" (pp.367-368) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Wisdom of Solomon" by Sarah J. Tanzer in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Widows in the Bible" by Robin Gallaher Branch

• "You Shall Not Ill-Treat Any Widow or Orphan: A Moral Value Made Law" by Prof. Rabbi Marty Lockshin

Foolish Wives Wis 3:12

• "Foolish Wives" (p.368) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Wisdom of Solomon" by Sarah J. Tanzer in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Blessed Barren Woman Wis 3:13

• "Blessed Barren Woman" (p.368) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Wisdom of Solomon" by Sarah J. Tanzer in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• The Wisdom of Solomon by David Winston (1979)

• "Barrenness" by Cynthia R. Chapman

Mother's Womb Wis 7:1

• "Mother's Womb" (p.368-369) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• The Wisdom of Solomon by David Winston (1979)

• "Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Hebrew Bible" by Claudia D. Bergmann

Serving Girl Wis 9:5

• "Serving Girl" (p.369) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

Daughters (and Sons) Wis 9:7

• "Daughters (and Sons)" (p.369) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

Wife of Lot Wis 10:7

• "Wife of Lot" (p.369) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Wife of Lot: Bible" by Carol Meyers

• "How Lot’s Wife Became a Pillar of Salt" by Amos Frumkin

Mother's Womb Sir 1:14; 10:18; 40:1; 49:7; 50:22

• "Mother's Womb" (p.369-370) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Hebrew Bible" by Claudia D. Bergmann

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Mother(s) Sir 3:2-11, 16; 4:10; 7:27-28; 15:2; 23:14; 41:17

• "Mother(s)" (p.370) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Motherhood in the Ancient Near East" by Kristine Henriksen Garroway

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Wife Sir 7:19, 26; 9:1; 25:1, 8, 13-26; 26:1-4, 6-9, 13-18, 19-27; 28:15; 33:20; 36:26-31; 37:11; 40:19, 23; 42:6, 12

• "Wife" (pp.371-372) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Daughter Sir 7:24-25; 22:3-5; 26:10-12, 24; 42:9-12

• "Daughter" (p.372) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Woman as Evil Sir 9:2; 25:13-15, 24; 42:12-14; 47:19

• "Woman as Evil" (pp.373-373) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Prostitute(s) Sir 9:3, 6-7; 19:2-3; 26:22; 41:20

• "Prostitute(s)" by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

• "Prostitution in the Bible" by Jennifer Knust (video)

• "Prostitution" by Elaine Adler Goodfriend in The Anchor Bible DIctionary, vol. 5 (1992)

Singing Girl Sir 9:4

• "Singing Girl" (p.373) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Virgin Sir 9:5; 42:10

• "Virgin" (p.373-374) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

• "Virgin" by John J. Schmitt in The Anchor Bible Dctionary, vol. 6 (1992)

Women and Beauty Sir 9:8; 25:21; 26:16-18; 36:27; 42:12

• "Women and Beauty" (p.374-375) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

Wife of Another Man/Woman as Adulterer Sir 9:8-9; 23:22-27; 26:9; 41:21

• "Wife of Another Man/Woman as Adulterer" (p.374) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

• "The Woman-Adulterer Motif" by Deborah Rooke

• "Adultery' by Elaine Adler Goodfriend in The Anchor Bible Dicitonary, vol. 1 (1992)

Bride Sir 15:2

• "Bride" (p.376) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Woman/Women in Labor Sir 19:11; 34:5; 48:19

• "Woman/Women in Labor" (p.375) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Hebrew Bible" by Claudia D. Bergmann

Sisters (and Brothers) Sir 25:1

• "Sisters (and Brothers)" (pp.375-376) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

Widow Sir 35:17-18

• "Widow" (p. 376) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Widows in the Bible" by Robin Gallaher Branch

• "You Shall Not Ill-Treat Any Widow or Orphan: A Moral Value Made Law" by Prof. Rabbi Marty Lockshin

Wife as Fit Helper Sir 36:29

• "Wife as Fit Helper" (p.377) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Sirach" by Pamela M. Eisenbaum in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Servant Girl Sir 41:22

• "Servant Girl" (p.377) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• Ben Sira’s View of Women: A Literary Analysis by Warren C. Trenchard (2020)

Women of Solomon Sir 47:19

• "Women of Solomon" (p.377) by Claudia V. Camp in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Solomon" by Sarah Malena

Cannibalized Daughters (and Sons) Bar 2:3

• "Cannibalized Daughters (and Sons)" (p.378) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Baruch" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Bride (and Bridegroom) Bar 2:23

• "Bride (and Bridegroom)" (p.379) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Baruch" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Daughters (and Sons) of Zion Bar 4:10, 14, 16

• "Daughters (and Sons) of Zion" (p.379) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Baruch" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Girl Who Loves Ornaments Bar 6:9

• "Girl Who Loves Ornaments" (p.380) by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Letter of Jeremiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Jewelry, Ancient Israelite" by Elizabeth E. Platt in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 3 (1992)

Prostitutes Bar 6:11

• "Prostitutes" (p.380) by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Letter of Jeremiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Prostitution in the Bible" by Jennifer Knust (video)

Wives of Priests Bar 6:28,33

• "Wives of Priests" (p.380) by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Letter of Jeremiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Women and Bodily Emissions Bar 6:29

• "Women and Bodily Emissions" (p.381) by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "Menstruation in the Bible" by Eve Levavi Feinstein

• “Purity and Holiness” by Cecilia Wassen

• “Niddah (Menstruation): From Torah to Rabbinic Law” by Prof. Charlotte Elisheva Fonrobert

• "The Letter of Jeremiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Women Who Serve Idols Bar 6:30

• "Women Who Serve Idols" (p.381) by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Letter of Jeremiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

Widow Bar 6:38

• "Widow" (p.381) by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Letter of Jeremiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Widows in the Bible" by Robin Gallaher Branch

• "You Shall Not Ill-Treat Any Widow or Orphan: A Moral Value Made Law" by Prof. Rabbi Marty Lockshin

Women With Cords Bar 6:42-43

• "Women with Cords" (p.382) by Carey A. Moore in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Letter of Jeremiah" by Patricia K. Tull in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Cultic Prostitution" by Karel van der Toorn in The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (1992)

Mother of Susanna/Wife of Hilkiah Dan 13: 3,30,33,63

• "Mother of Susanna/Wife of Hilkiah" (p.383) in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Greek Book of Daniel" by Toni Craven in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Susanna: Apocrypha" by Jennifer A. Glancy

• "Susanna" in Daniel, Esther, and Jeremiah: The Additions by Carey A. Moore (1977)

Maid Dan 13:15,17,19,21,36

• "Maids" (p.383) by Jennifer A. Glancy in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Greek Book of Daniel" by Toni Craven in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Susanna: Apocrypha" by Jennifer A. Glancy

• "Susanna" in Daniel, Esther, and Jeremiah: The Additions by Carey A. Moore (1977)

Daughters of Israel/Daughter of Judah Dan 13:48,57

• "Daughter(s) of Israel/Daughter of Judah" (pp.383-384) by Jennifer A. Glancy in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Greek Book of Daniel" by Toni Craven in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Susanna: Apocrypha" by Jennifer A. Glancy

• "Susanna" in Daniel, Esther, and Jeremiah: The Additions by Carey A. Moore (1977)

Wives/Women of Priests Dan 14:10,15,20,21

• "Wives/Women of Priests" (p.384) by Toni Craven in Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, edited by Carol Meyers (2001)

• "The Greek Book of Daniel" by Toni Craven in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (1998)

• "Susanna" in Daniel, Esther, and Jeremiah: The Additions by Carey A. Moore (1977)