Women in the Bible

Empowering Women Through Scripture

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Phoebe

Romans 16:1-2

  • Romans 16:1-2 I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon of the church at Cenchreae, so that you may welcome her in the Lord as is fitting for the saints, and help her in whatever she may require from you, for she has been a benefactor of many and of myself as well.

List of Reading & Resources:

Articles

  • “Remembering Phoebe in the Twelfth Century: The Forgotten Deacon in Paul’s Letter to Romans” by Anne L. Clark

  • "Phoebe: Deacon of the Church in Cencrea" by Marg Mowczko

  • All articles about Phoebe on MargMowczko.com

  • “Who Was Phoebe? A Closer Look at Paul’s Trusted Patron and Emissary” by Robin Gallaher Branch

  • “What Can We Say About Phoebe?” by Jeff Miller

Books

  • Phoebe: Patron and Emissary by Joan Cecelia Campbell (2009)

  • "Romans" by Elizabeth A. Castelli in Searching the Scriptures, Vol. 2: A Feminist Commentary, edited by Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza (1994)

  • "Romans" by Beverly Roberts Gaventa in Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom, Sharon H. Ringe, and Jacqueline E. Lapsley (2012)

To correctly use the search bar, follow these guidelines:

  • Use proper capitalization (for example, capitalize “N” in “Naomi” instead of writing “naomi”)

  • Use proper spacing (“Mary of Bethany” as opposed to “MaryofBethany”)

  • Write out the full name of the woman you’re searching for, if you know it (for example, “The Samaritan Woman”). If writing out the full name does not work, simply type in “Samaritan” and see if “The Samaritan Woman” appears.

  • If the search bar is still not yielding your results, it might be because we have altered the woman’s name based on scholarship we found (for example, we have Naomi listed as “Naomi/Mara”). You can always find a specific woman by going to the navigation bar, clicking Old Testament or New Testament, and scrolling down to her appropriate genre and book.

  • To find a woman manually, note that the women listed on this site are listed in the order they appear in scripture (for example, women in Genesis chapter 1 are listed before women in Genesis chapter 2).

This project has been created by Founder and Executive Director Debbie McLeod alongside a team of Yale-educated researchers: Anna Grace Glaize, McKenzie Brummond, Moriah Asch, Brian Peterson, Laura Traverse, Phoebe Oler, and Sarah Ambrose

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